Mountains in Ecuador

Ecuador Economy

Ecuador's Macroeconomic Analysis:

Nominal GDP of USD 118.8 billion in 2023.

Nominal GDP of USD 115.0 billion in 2022.

GDP per capita of USD 6,390 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

GDP per capita of USD 6,509 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 2.5% over the last decade.

Average real GDP growth of 1.5% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Sector Analysis

In 2021, services accounted for 59% of overall GDP, manufacturing 17%, other industrial activity 15%, and agriculture 9%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 61% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 15%, fixed investment 22%, and net exports 2%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade

In 2021, manufactured products made up 6% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 32%, food 48%, ores and metals 7% and agricultural raw materials 4%, with other categories accounting for 3% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 65% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 19%, food 12%, ores and metals 2% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other goods accounting for 1% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 33 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 30 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Main Economic Indicators

Economic growth

The economy recorded average annual growth of 1.5% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Ecuador, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy

Ecuador's fiscal deficit averaged 5.2% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate averaged 4.6% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Ecuador's unemployment click here.

Inflation

Inflation averaged 1.9% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Ecuador inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy

Ecuador's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 8.48%, up from 8.17% a decade earlier. See our Ecuador monetary policy page for additional details.

Economic situation in Ecuador

The economy swung into contraction in annual terms in Q2, dragged on by elevated insecurity, power outages and higher taxes. Turning to Q3, our panelists expect the economy to have posted a slight rebound, and lower inflation in Q3 compared to Q2 suggests healthier private consumption. However, other available data is downbeat. Oil production fell at a sharper annual clip in July–August compared to Q2, while merchandise exports grew at a milder pace in the same two-month period, and tourist arrivals remained subdued in Q3. In addition, the country’s worst drought in decades triggered power cuts, hampering activity. In other news, in mid-October, the IMF acknowledged the government’s efforts to achieve fiscal stability, boding well for the disbursement of the USD 500 million extended fund facility agreed in May; that said, much hinges on the impact of the energy crisis on Ecuador’s fiscal metrics.

Ecuador Economic Forecasts

Projections out to 2034.

39 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 21 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Ecuador in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2034 on 39 economic indicators for Ecuador from a panel of 21 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Ecuador economy. To download a sample report on the Ecuador's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.

Ecuador Economic Data

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Population (million) 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8
GDP (USD bn) 107.6 95.9 107.4 116.6 118.8
GDP per capita (USD) 6,199 5,470 6,099 6,581 6,664
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 0.1 -10.9 12.1 8.5 1.9
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 0.2 -9.2 9.8 6.2 2.4
Domestic Demand (ann. var. %) -1.0 -12.1 7.8 5.9 1.8
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 2.1 -10.6 11.3 7.4 1.4
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) -2.8 -4.0 0.0 1.8 3.7
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) -2.3 -21.8 13.2 8.5 0.5
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) 4.9 -3.9 9.4 7.3 2.3
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) 1.0 -18.3 21.5 10.5 -0.9
Industry (ann. var. %) -1.5 -11.2 12.5 4.9 -0.7
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 4.4 6.1 5.2 4.3 3.7
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -3.5 -7.4 -1.6 0.0 -3.6
Public Debt (% of GDP) 53.0 63.6 56.4 53.5 51.4
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, eop) -0.1 -0.9 1.9 3.7 1.3
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 0.3 -0.3 0.1 3.5 2.2
91-120 Day Average Deposit Rate (%, eop) 6.17 5.89 5.91 6.35 7.70
Current Account Balance (USD bn) -0.3 2.2 3.0 2.1 2.2
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) -0.3 2.3 2.8 1.8 1.9
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) 0.9 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.2
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 22.7 20.6 27.0 33.0 31.5
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 21.7 17.1 24.0 30.5 29.3
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 2.3 -9.3 31.1 22.5 -4.7
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) -2.7 -21.4 40.3 27.2 -4.0
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.4
International Reserves (USD bn) 3.4 7.2 7.9 8.5 4.5
International Reserves (months of imports) 1.9 5.1 4.0 3.3 1.8
External Debt (USD bn) 46.1 52.5 56.3 57.7 60.3
External Debt (% of GDP) 42.8 54.7 52.4 49.5 50.7

Free Sample Report

Interested in Ecuador economic reports, analysis and data? FocusEconomics provides data, forecasts and analysis for hundreds of countries and commodities. Request your free sample report now.

Close Left Media Arrows Left Media Circles Right Media Arrows Right Media Circles Arrow Quote Wave Address Email Telephone Man in front of screen with line chart Document with bar chart and magnifying glass Application window with bar chart Target with arrow Line Chart Stopwatch Globe with arrows Document with bar chart in front of screen Bar chart with magnifying glass and dollar sign Lightbulb Document with bookmark Laptop with download icon Calendar Icon Nav Menu Arrow Arrow Right Long Icon Arrow Right Icon Chevron Right Icon Chevron Left Icon Briefcase Icon Linkedin In Icon Full Linkedin Icon Filter Facebook Linkedin Twitter Pinterest X Download Fullscreen