Bangladesh

Bangladesh Economic Data & Projections

Bangladesh's Macroeconomic Analysis:

Nominal GDP of USD 431 billion in 2023.

Nominal GDP of USD 455 billion in 2024.

GDP per capita of USD 2,647 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

GDP per capita of USD 2,528 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 6.4% over the last decade.

Average real GDP growth of 6.4% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Sector Analysis

In 2021, services accounted for 55% of overall GDP, manufacturing 21%, other industrial activity 12%, and agriculture 12%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 69% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 6%, fixed investment 31%, and net exports -6%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade

In 2015, manufactured products made up 96% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 1%, food 3%, ores and metals 0% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other categories accounting for -1% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 63% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 11%, food 17%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 6%, with other goods accounting for 0% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 51 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 80 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Main Economic Indicators

Economic growth

The economy recorded average annual growth of 6.4% in the decade to 2023. To read more about GDP growth in Bangladesh, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy

Bangladesh's fiscal deficit averaged 3.7% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate averaged 4.5% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Bangladesh's unemployment click here.

Inflation

Inflation averaged 6.2% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Bangladesh inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy

Bangladesh's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 4.00%, down from 5.00% a decade earlier. See our Bangladesh monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate

From end-2012 to end-2022 the taka weakened by 22.3% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the taka, click here.

Economic situation in Bangladesh

GDP growth was stable in the fiscal year ending June 2024, remaining below the past-decade average of 6.4%. In July–September, the first quarter of FY 2025, the economy appeared to slow down as the government tightened fiscal policy and the Central Bank tightened monetary policy. The data at hand is downbeat. Bangladeshi exports rose less quickly than in the prior quarter in July–September, and the output of Bangladeshi industrial firms shrank over the same period. Moreover, double-digit inflation will have put off consumers from buying goods and services, despite the boost to their wallets from the largest annual rise in remittances since Q2 2021. In other news, Moody’s cut Bangladesh’s rating further into junk on 18 November, making it costlier for the government to finance its debt and hurting its fiscal position.

Bangladesh Economic Forecasts

Projections out to 2034.

40 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 12 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Bangladesh in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2034 on 40 economic indicators for Bangladesh from a panel of 12 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Bangladesh economy. To download a sample report on the Bangladesh's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.

Bangladesh Economic Indicators

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Population (million) 163 165 167 169 170
GDP (USD bn) 351 374 416 460 436
GDP per capita (USD) 2,153 2,269 2,499 2,729 2,558
GDP (BDT bn) 29,514 31,705 35,302 39,717 44,908
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 11.8 7.4 11.3 12.5 13.1
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) 7.9 3.4 6.9 7.1 5.8
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) 4.9 3.0 8.0 7.5 2.0
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) 13.4 2.0 6.9 6.2 8.5
Total Investment (ann. var. %) 6.9 3.9 8.1 11.7 2.2
Industry (ann. var. %) 11.6 3.6 10.3 9.9 8.4
Unemployment (% of active population, aop) 4.7 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.1
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -5.4 -4.8 -3.6 -4.1 -4.6
Public Debt (% of GDP) 32.0 34.5 35.6 37.9 39.3
Money (ann. var. of M2 %) 9.9 12.6 13.6 9.4 10.5
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, eop) 5.7 5.3 6.1 8.7 9.4
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 5.6 5.7 5.5 7.7 9.5
Exchange Rate (BDT per USD, eop) 84.95 84.72 84.86 103.02 109.75
Exchange Rate (BDT per USD, aop) 84.42 84.88 84.90 92.65 108.03
Current Account Balance (USD bn) -4.5 -5.4 -4.6 -18.2 -11.6
Current Account Balance (% of GDP) -1.3 -1.5 -1.1 -4.0 -2.7
Merchandise Trade Balance (USD bn) -15.6 -16.4 -32.5 -28.9 -9.7
Merchandise Exports (USD bn) 39.0 32.4 42.0 51.0 51.5
Merchandise Imports (USD bn) 54.6 48.8 74.5 79.9 61.2
Merchandise Exports (ann. var. %) 1.1 -17.0 29.5 21.6 1.0
Merchandise Imports (ann. var. %) 0.1 -10.6 52.5 7.3 -23.4
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.0
International Reserves (USD bn) 32.7 43.2 46.2 33.7 21.9
International Reserves (months of imports) 7.2 10.6 7.4 5.1 4.3
External Debt (USD bn) 62.5 73.6 91.5 97.0 101.4
External Debt (% of GDP) 17.8 19.7 22.0 21.1 23.3
Free Sample Report

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