Venezuela skyline with mountains

Venezuela Economic Data & Projections

Venezuela's Macroeconomic Analysis:

Nominal GDP of USD 129 billion in 2022.

Nominal GDP of USD 112 billion in 2021.

GDP per capita of USD 4,053 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

GDP per capita of USD 4,804 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.

Average real GDP growth of 9.2% over the last decade.

Average real GDP growth of 9.5% over the last decade.

Share of the region's population
Share of the region's GDP

Sector Analysis

In 2014, services accounted for 58% of overall GDP, manufacturing 12%, other industrial activity 25%, and agriculture 5%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 75% of GDP in 2014, government consumption 15%, fixed investment 25%, and net exports -15%.

GDP by economic sector
GDP by type of expenditure

International trade

In 2013, manufactured products made up 2% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 98%, food 0%, ores and metals 0% and agricultural raw materials 0%, with other categories accounting for 0% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 71% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 1%, food 18%, ores and metals 1% and agricultural raw materials 1%, with other goods accounting for 8% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 34 billion in 2018, while total imports were USD 13 billion.

Key exports
Key imports
Key export partners
Key import partners

Main Economic Indicators

Economic growth

The economy recorded an average annual decrease of 9.2% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Venezuela, go to our dedicated page.

Fiscal policy

Venezuela's fiscal deficit averaged 10.5% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.

Unemployment

The unemployment rate averaged 7.5% in the decade to 2018. For more information on Venezuela's unemployment click here.

Inflation

Inflation averaged 8213.6% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Venezuela inflation page for extra insight.

Monetary Policy

Venezuela's monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 0.70%, up from 0.35% a decade earlier. See our Venezuela monetary policy page for additional details.

Exchange Rate

From end-2012 to end-2022 the bolívar weakened by 75% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the bolívar, click here.

Economic situation in Venezuela

The opposition-led Finance Observatory estimates that GDP growth accelerated to 5.9% year on year in Q3 from 3.6% in Q2. The third quarter saw a double-digit rise in oil output and a softer—though still robust—increase in non-oil activity. The latter was seemingly buoyed by higher bank lending plus consumer and government spending. That said, the economy was still around a third smaller than the same period in 2018, the year when mass migration began in earnest. Available data for the final quarter of the year is mixed. On one hand, in October, oil output rose in annual terms by more than the Q3 average. However, the currency has weakened around 20% since the start of October; the authorities allowed the bolívar to slide in response to a rise in demand for dollars. This is likely to feed through to higher price pressures going forward.

Venezuela Economic Forecasts

Projections out to 2034.

45 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.

Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 18 expert analysts.

Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Venezuela in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2034 on 45 economic indicators for Venezuela from a panel of 18 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Venezuela economy. To download a sample report on the Venezuela's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.

Venezuela Economic Indicators

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Population (million) 27.8 28.0 27.6 26.9 26.5
GDP (USD bn) 149 106 112 129 -
GDP per capita (USD) 5,367 3,789 4,055 4,804 -
GDP (VES bn) 0 0 0 0 -
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) 16,666.7 1,323.8 1,209.1 244.1 -
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) -27.7 -30.0 1.0 8.0 -
Domestic Demand (ann. var. %) -35.1 0.5 7.8 4.5 -
Private Consumption (ann. var. %) -35.9 -12.3 2.3 6.3 -
Government Consumption (ann. var. %) -25.7 -23.7 6.9 8.2 -
Fixed Investment (ann. var. %) -28.7 -30.1 -3.0 5.7 -
Exports (G&S, ann. var. %) -11.6 -65.2 -27.2 31.4 -
Imports (G&S, ann. var. %) -22.2 -27.1 -2.2 11.0 -
Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) -10.9 -6.6 -5.9 -6.8 -4.2
Public Debt (% of GDP) 206 329 250 161 146
Money (ann. var. of M2 %) 4,946 1,287 635 354 268
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, eop) 9,585.5 2,959.8 686.4 234.1 189.8
Inflation (CPI, ann. var. %, aop) 19,906.0 2,355.1 1,588.5 186.7 337.2
90-Day Average Deposit Rate (%, eop) 24.12 24.00 36.00 36.00 36.00
Stock Market (ann. var. of IBC, %) 5,521 1,376 344 254 -
Exchange Rate (VED per USD, eop) 46,829.06 709,900.00 4.59 17.23 35.85
Exchange Rate (VED per USD, aop) 13,356.19 234,031.65 3.28 6.70 28.57
Venezuelan Oil Price (USD per barrel) 54.0 28.0 51.3 76.8 64.4
Foreign Direct Investment (USD bn) -1.4 1.5 1.0 1.7 0.7
International Reserves (USD bn) 6.6 6.4 10.9 9.9 9.8
External Debt (USD bn) 186 189 193 - -
External Debt (% of GDP) 124.3 178.9 172.4 - -
Free Sample Report

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