Estonia's economy in numbers:
Nominal GDP of USD 37.9 billion in 2022.
Nominal GDP of USD 41.3 billion in 2023.
GDP per capita of USD 30,221 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.
GDP per capita of USD 28,059 compared to the global average of USD 10,589.
Average real GDP growth of 2.9% over the last decade.
Average real GDP growth of 2.2% over the last decade.
Economic structure:
In 2021, services accounted for 75% of overall GDP, manufacturing 13%, other industrial activity 10%, and agriculture 2%. Looking at GDP by expenditure, private consumption accounted for 48% of GDP in 2021, government consumption 20%, fixed investment 31%, and net exports 1%.International trade:
In 2021, manufactured products made up 70% of total merchandise exports, mineral fuels 7%, food 9%, ores and metals 3% and agricultural raw materials 8%, with other categories accounting for 3% of the total. In the same period, manufactured products made up 64% of total merchandise imports, mineral fuels 16%, food 9%, ores and metals 2% and agricultural raw materials 4%, with other goods accounting for 5% of the total. Total exports were worth USD 21 billion in 2022, while total imports were USD 24 billion.Economic growth:
The economy recorded average annual growth of 2.9% in the decade to 2022. To read more about GDP growth in Estonia, go to our dedicated page.
Fiscal policy:
Estonia's fiscal deficit averaged 0.9% of GDP in the decade to 2022. Find out more on our dedicated page.
Unemployment:
The unemployment rate averaged 6.7% in the decade to 2022. For more information on Estonia's unemployment click here.
Inflation:
Inflation averaged 3.8% in the decade to 2022. Go to our Estonia inflation page for extra insight.
Monetary Policy:
Euro Area monetary policy rate ended 2022 at 2.50%, up from 0.75% a decade earlier. See our Estonia monetary policy page for additional details.
Exchange Rate:
From end-2012 to end-2022 the euro weakened by 18.2% vs the U.S. dollar. For more info on the euro, click here.
46 indicators covered including both annual and quarterly frequencies.
Consensus Forecasts based on a panel of 15 expert analysts.
Want to get insight on the economic outlook for Estonia in the coming years? FocusEconomics collects projections out to 2034 on 46 economic indicators for Estonia from a panel of 15 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts, and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. This means you avoid the risk of relying on out of date, biased or outlier forecasts. Our Consensus Forecasts can be visualized in whichever way best suits your needs, including via interactive online dashboards , direct data delivery and executive-style reports which combine analysts' projections with timely written analysis from our in-house team of economists on the latest developments in the Estonia economy. To download a sample report on the Estonia's economy, click here. To get in touch with our team for more information, fill in the form at the bottom of this page.