Economic Growth in Germany
Surging exports while globalization was at its peak in the mid-2010s propelled strong economic growth in 2014-17. However, rising trade tensions, and supply restraints and soft global goods demand in the wake of the pandemic, have weighed on the economy in more recent years: Germany's economy is expected to have markedly underperformed the G7 average in 2021-23.
Germany recorded an average real GDP growth of 1.2% in the decade to 2022, below the 1.4% average for the Euro Area. In 2022, real GDP growth was 1.8%. For more GDP information, visit our dedicated page.
Germany GDP Chart
Germany GDP Data
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic Growth (GDP, ann. var. %) | 1.0 | -4.1 | 3.7 | 1.4 | -0.3 |
GDP (EUR bn) | 3,535 | 3,450 | 3,676 | 3,954 | 4,186 |
Economic Growth (Nominal GDP, ann. var. %) | 3.0 | -2.4 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 5.9 |
Second reading confirms GDP declined in Q2
GDP reading: A second reading confirmed that the German economy contracted 0.1% on a seasonally adjusted quarter-on-quarter basis in the second quarter, deteriorating from the 0.2% expansion logged in Q1 and surprising markets on the downside. On an annual basis, GDP rebounded 0.3% in Q2 from Q1’s 0.8% fall and marked the best result since Q1 2023.
Drivers: Domestically, the quarterly downturn largely reflected a 2.2% fall in fixed investment (Q1: +0.1% s.a. qoq), which marked the worst reading in nearly three years and was underpinned by sharp declines in capital outlays in construction plus machinery and equipment. In addition, private spending swung into a 0.2% contraction (Q1: +0.3% s.a. qoq), likely due to plummeting real wage growth, tight financing conditions and an elevated unemployment rate. More positively, government spending bounced back, growing 1.0% in Q2 (Q1: -0.1% s.a. qoq). On the external front, net trade subtracted 0.1 percentage points from the reading, having added 0.2 points in the previous quarter. Exports of goods and services fell 0.2% on a seasonally adjusted quarterly basis in the second quarter, which contrasted the first quarter's 1.3% expansion. Meanwhile, imports of goods and services posted a flat reading in Q2 (Q1: +0.8% s.a. qoq).
GDP outlook: Our Consensus is for a shallow rebound in the third quarter as slower price pressures fuel an improvement in private spending. Moreover, our panelists expect exports to bounce back, spearheaded by healthier EU demand and recovering industrial sector output. That said, economic growth will remain uninspiring in 2024, and Germany will again be among the worst performers in the Euro area.
Panelist insight: Commenting on the outlook, ING’s Carsten Brzeski said: “With disappointing second-quarter growth and almost all confidence sentiment indicators pointing south, the German economy is currently back where it was a year ago: stuck in stagnation as the growth laggard of the entire eurozone. Still, we are not ready, yet, to give up on at least some optimism for the second half of the year. The highest increase in real wages in more than a decade could still open German consumers’ wallets and there only needs to be a small improvement in industrial orders to bring the long overdue turning of the inventory cycle.”
How should you choose a forecaster if some are too optimistic while others are too pessimistic? FocusEconomics collects German GDP projections for the next ten years from a panel of 58 analysts at the leading national, regional and global forecast institutions. These projections are then validated by our in-house team of economists and data analysts and averaged to provide one Consensus Forecast you can rely on for each indicator. By averaging all forecasts, upside and downside forecasting errors tend to cancel each other out, leading to the most reliable GDP forecast available for German GDP.
Download one of our sample reports to visualize what a Consensus Forecast is and see our German GDP projections.
Want to get access to the full dataset of German GDP forecasts? Send an email to info@focus-economics.com.
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