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La deuda externa en porcentaje del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) es la relación entre la deuda de un país con acreedores no residentes y su PIB nominal. La deuda externa es la parte de la deuda total de un país que se tomó prestada de prestamistas extranjeros, incluidos bancos comerciales, gobiernos o instituciones financieras internacionales. Los deudores pueden ser particulares, empresas o el gobierno. La deuda externa comprende el importe pendiente de aquellos pasivos reales corrientes y no contingentes adeudados a no residentes por residentes del país, que requieren que el deudor pague el principal y/o los intereses en algún momento(s) en el futuro. La deuda externa también se denomina deuda exterior.
Este gráfico muestra Deuda externa (% del PIB) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, América Latina de 2010 a 2021.
Deuda exterior (% del PIB) Datos
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | 15 | 14 | 15 | - | - |
| Albania | 61.3 | 60.8 | 69.8 | 56.6 | - |
| Alemania | 143 | 147 | 176 | 163 | - |
| Angola | 63.0 | 77.5 | 115.4 | 92.8 | - |
| Argelia | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.5 | - |
| Argentina | 52.9 | 62.3 | 70.5 | 55.1 | - |
| Armenia | 87.7 | 90.9 | 102.1 | 99.9 | - |
| Australia | 105 | 110 | 121 | 98 | 88 |
| Azerbaiyán | 34.6 | 32.9 | 37.1 | 26.8 | - |
| Bahamas, Las | 20 | 20 | 42 | 39 | - |
| Bangladesh | 17.9 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 21.9 | - |
| Belice | 72.0 | 71.4 | 97.0 | - | - |
| Benín | 23 | 25 | 28 | 33 | - |
| Bhután | 109 | 111 | - | - | - |
| Bielorrusia | 65.5 | 63.2 | 68.6 | 61.5 | - |
| Bolivia | 33.0 | 35.0 | 42.1 | 39.5 | - |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 61 | 61 | 67 | 54 | - |
| Botswana | 10.5 | 9.4 | 10.7 | 10.6 | - |
| Brasil | 16.7 | 17.2 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 16.6 |
| Bulgaria | 64 | 61 | 68 | 56 | 53 |
| Burkina Faso | 21 | 23 | 26 | - | - |
| Burundi | 17 | 18 | - | - | - |
| Cabo Verde | 90 | 92 | 122 | 107 | - |
| Camboya | 55.3 | 56.8 | 67.7 | 74.2 | - |
| Camerún | 27.4 | 32.5 | 36.2 | 35.3 | - |
| CdI | 28.3 | 33.9 | 40.9 | 42.2 | - |
| Chile | 62.4 | 71.3 | 82.3 | 75.6 | 77.2 |
| China | 14.3 | 14.5 | 16.3 | 15.5 | - |
| Chipre | 863.97 | 826.62 | 860.50 | 672.89 | - |
| Cisjordania y Gaza | 9 | 11 | 13 | 11 | - |
| Colombia | 39.6 | 42.9 | 57.2 | 53.8 | 53.6 |
| Comoras | 21 | 22 | 25 | 26 | - |
| Congo | 15 | 15 | 18 | - | - |
| Corea | 25.6 | 28.5 | 33.5 | 34.9 | 39.9 |
| Costa Rica | 46.7 | 47.8 | 49.6 | 50.0 | - |
| Croacia | 594 | 550 | 664 | 77 | - |
| Dinamarca | 138 | 145 | 170 | 145 | - |
| Dominica | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Ecuador | 37.4 | 42.6 | 52.9 | 53.0 | - |
| Egipto | 35.2 | 34.2 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 32.6 |
| El Salvador | 64.3 | 64.7 | 74.6 | 70.2 | - |
| Eritrea | 39 | 39 | 37 | 34 | - |
| Eslovaquia | 111 | 113 | 128 | 130 | - |
| Eslovenia | 89 | 92 | 110 | 94 | 89 |
| Estados Unidos | 96 | 96 | 102 | 100 | - |
| Estonia | 75 | 78 | 92 | 80 | 84 |
| Etiopía | 30.1 | 29.4 | 30.6 | - | - |
| Fiji | 12 | 14 | 25 | 28 | - |
| Filipinas | 22.8 | 22.2 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 27.5 |
| Finlandia | 212 | 225 | 239 | 201 | 217 |
| Gabón | 44 | 46 | - | - | - |
| Gambia | 43 | 44 | 51 | 53 | - |
| Georgia | 98.5 | 107.3 | 126.8 | 118.2 | - |
| Ghana | 35.9 | 40.7 | 46.7 | 46.7 | - |
| Grecia | 225 | 245 | 321 | 294 | - |
| Grenada | 48 | 43 | 63 | 65 | - |
| Guatemala | 33.5 | 32.0 | 32.6 | 31.3 | - |
| Guinea | 22 | 23 | 31 | - | - |
| Guyana | 34 | 30 | 28 | 25 | - |
| Haití | 14.0 | 16.1 | 14.8 | 13.7 | - |
| Honduras | 38.6 | 39.0 | 46.8 | 40.7 | - |
| Hong Kong | 469 | 461 | 519 | 507 | 504 |
| Hungría | 77 | 73 | 87 | 81 | - |
| India | 20.1 | 19.7 | 21.4 | 19.7 | - |
| Indonesia | 36.0 | 36.0 | 39.3 | 34.9 | 30.1 |
| Irán | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | - |
| Islandia | 77 | 79 | 90 | 83 | 76 |
| Islas Marshall | 23 | 20 | 18 | - | - |
| Islas Salomón | 20 | 22 | 28 | - | - |
| Israel | 25.1 | 25.6 | 31.5 | 33.2 | 29.3 |
| Italia | 117 | 125 | 150 | 132 | - |
| Jamaica | 108.6 | 110.1 | 122.1 | 120.7 | - |
| Japón | 80 | 83 | 96 | 92 | 101 |
| Jordania | 73.6 | 74.3 | 85.9 | 91.3 | - |
| Kazajstán | 90.8 | 88.3 | 95.0 | 84.5 | 73.4 |
| Kenia | 34.1 | 34.8 | 37.8 | 37.4 | - |
| Kirguistán | 98 | 95 | 112 | 106 | - |
| Kosovo | 31 | 31 | 37 | 38 | - |
| Laos | 85.6 | 88.4 | 91.8 | 91.3 | - |
| Lesotho | 60 | 67 | 85 | 74 | - |
| Letonia | 119 | 117 | 130 | 105 | 102 |
| Líbano | 145 | 142 | 217 | 289 | - |
| Lituania | 76 | 70 | 87 | 77 | - |
| Luxemburgo | 61 | 59 | 56 | 48 | 45 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 70.8 | 72.5 | 86.3 | 78.5 | - |
| Madagascar | 27 | 29 | 37 | 37 | - |
| Malasia | 62.3 | 63.4 | 70.6 | 69.7 | 63.9 |
| Malawi | 23 | 22 | 25 | - | - |
| Maldivas | 45 | 48 | 93 | - | - |
| Mali | 27 | 29 | 33 | 34 | - |
| Malta | 657 | 619 | 720 | 596 | - |
| Marruecos | 43.7 | 45.9 | 57.2 | 46.5 | - |
| Mauricio | 76 | 86 | 111 | 121 | - |
| Mauritania | 70 | 67 | 68 | 48 | - |
| México | 48.7 | 48.6 | 56.9 | 47.1 | - |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 4 | 14 | 20 | 39 | - |
| Moldavia | 63.6 | 60.3 | 70.2 | 63.9 | - |
| Mongolia | 225.9 | 222.8 | 243.2 | 222.3 | - |
| Montenegro | 145.9 | 154.9 | 220.5 | 180.2 | - |
| Mozambique | 339.0 | 354.6 | 416.0 | 398.8 | - |
| Myanmar | 16.0 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 21.4 | - |
| Namibia | 61 | 66 | 78 | 67 | - |
| Nepal | 17 | 19 | 24 | 25 | - |
| Nicaragua | 99.8 | 104.7 | 108.0 | 102.3 | - |
| Níger | 25 | 28 | 33 | 33 | - |
| Nigeria | 12.9 | 12.6 | 16.4 | 17.3 | - |
| Noruega | 145 | 164 | 196 | 149 | 132 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 92 | 92 | 100 | 84 | 84 |
| Países Bajos | 489 | 464 | 444 | 412 | - |
| Pakistán | 26.7 | 33.0 | 37.6 | 35.1 | 34.5 |
| Palau | 37 | 38 | 60 | 85 | - |
| Panamá | 152.6 | 155.5 | 209.4 | 188.3 | - |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 73 | 76 | 76 | - | - |
| Paraguay | 40.7 | 44.0 | 54.8 | 50.2 | - |
| Perú | 34.7 | 34.8 | 43.6 | 45.2 | 41.8 |
| Polonia | 62 | 60 | 63 | 54 | - |
| Portugal | 190 | 192 | 220 | 184 | 170 |
| Reino Unido | 299.6 | 289.6 | 334.4 | 320.7 | - |
| República Centroafricana | 36 | 37 | 35 | - | - |
| República Checa | 79 | 77 | 82 | 73 | 68 |
| República Democrática del Congo | 14.6 | 15.0 | 16.8 | - | - |
| República Dominicana | 37.3 | 38.4 | 51.0 | 46.2 | - |
| Ruanda | 58.9 | 63.0 | 80.7 | 81.3 | - |
| Rumanía | 47 | 49 | 62 | 54 | 51 |
| Rusia | 27.5 | 29.0 | 31.5 | 27.1 | - |
| Samoa | 49 | 46 | 50 | 52 | - |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | 40 | 43 | 53 | 63 | - |
| Santa Lucía | 30 | 31 | 48 | 52 | - |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 61 | 58 | 61 | - | - |
| Senegal | 83.2 | 82.2 | 95.1 | 104.9 | - |
| Serbia | 60.2 | 61.6 | 70.6 | 65.8 | - |
| Sierra Leona | 43 | 46 | 52 | 58 | - |
| Singapur | 407.7 | 428.6 | 492.4 | 418.8 | - |
| Somalia | 55 | 50 | 39 | 37 | - |
| Sri Lanka | 56.0 | 63.0 | 66.6 | 63.8 | - |
| Suazilandia | 18 | 18 | 22 | 26 | - |
| Sudáfrica | 42.7 | 47.7 | 50.5 | 38.3 | - |
| Sudán | 93.6 | 120.5 | 57.4 | 160.1 | - |
| Suecia | 170 | 179 | 197 | 161 | 167 |
| Suiza | 256 | 280 | 306 | 297 | 284 |
| Surinam | 88 | 88 | 86 | 119 | - |
| Tailandia | 32.2 | 31.6 | 38.1 | 38.9 | - |
| Taiwán | 31.4 | 30.2 | 28.0 | 27.4 | 26.4 |
| Tanzania | 39.5 | 39.9 | 39.1 | 40.8 | - |
| Tayikistán | 78.5 | 80.0 | 85.5 | 80.6 | - |
| Timor-Leste | 10 | 10 | 11 | 8 | - |
| Togo | 24 | 28 | 33 | - | - |
| Tonga | 40 | 38 | 41 | 44 | - |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 16.2 | 21.4 | 26.4 | 24.0 | - |
| Túnez | 81.7 | 93.8 | 96.3 | 88.7 | - |
| Turkmenistán | 16.7 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 7.8 | - |
| Turquía | 55.0 | 54.8 | 60.2 | 54.4 | - |
| Ucrania | 87.6 | 79.0 | 80.4 | 64.8 | - |
| Uganda | 36.2 | 37.0 | 45.2 | 45.1 | - |
| Uruguay | 66.7 | 73.8 | 87.9 | 82.2 | - |
| Uzbekistán | 33.3 | 37.2 | 53.7 | 56.0 | - |
| Vanuatu | 44 | 47 | 51 | 53 | - |
| Venezuela | 110.1 | - | - | - | - |
| Vietnam | 44.4 | 45.1 | 46.2 | 37.2 | - |
| Yemen | 30.7 | 27.9 | 25.5 | 76.3 | - |
| Yibuti | 77 | 76 | - | - | - |
| Zambia | 87.1 | 117.2 | 147.1 | 108.2 | - |
| Zimbabue | 37.0 | 56.1 | 59.2 | 48.4 | - |