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La deuda pública, a veces también denominada deuda gubernamental, representa el total de la deuda pendiente (bonos y otros títulos) del gobierno de un país. Suele expresarse como proporción del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB). La deuda pública puede contraerse tanto externa como internamente, donde la deuda externa es la deuda contraída con prestamistas fuera del país y la deuda interna representa las obligaciones del gobierno con prestamistas nacionales. La deuda pública es una importante fuente de recursos para que un gobierno financie el gasto público y cubra agujeros en el presupuesto. La deuda pública en porcentaje del PIB suele utilizarse como indicador de la capacidad de un gobierno para hacer frente a sus obligaciones futuras.
Este gráfico muestra Deuda pública (% del PIB) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, Asia del Sur, América Latina, Principales economías, Zona euro de 2010 a 2021.
Deuda pública (% del PIB) Datos
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | 7.4 | 6.1 | 7.4 | - | - |
| Albania | 67.7 | 65.8 | 74.5 | 73.2 | - |
| Alemania | 61.3 | 58.9 | 68.0 | 68.6 | - |
| Andorra | 36.3 | 35.4 | 46.3 | 48.5 | - |
| Angola | 93.0 | 113.6 | 136.5 | 86.4 | - |
| Antigua y Barbuda | 87.7 | 81.3 | 101.5 | - | - |
| Arabia Saudí | 18.3 | 22.5 | 32.4 | 30.0 | - |
| Argelia | 38.3 | 46.0 | 52.3 | 63.0 | - |
| Argentina | 85.2 | 89.8 | 103.8 | 80.6 | - |
| Armenia | 51.2 | 50.1 | 63.5 | 60.3 | 46.7 |
| Aruba | 75.0 | 71.6 | 110.1 | 101.8 | - |
| Australia | 41.8 | 46.7 | 57.2 | 58.4 | 56.7 |
| Austria | 74.1 | 70.6 | 82.9 | 82.3 | - |
| Azerbaiyán | 18.7 | 17.7 | 21.3 | 26.4 | - |
| Bahamas, Las | 61.9 | 59.7 | 75.0 | 103.3 | - |
| Bahrein | 94.6 | 101.6 | 129.7 | 128.5 | - |
| Bangladesh | 29.6 | 31.7 | 34.2 | 35.5 | - |
| Barbados | 126.0 | 123.2 | 147.0 | 135.4 | 117.9 |
| Bélgica | 99.9 | 97.6 | 112.0 | 109.2 | - |
| Belice | 79.5 | 79.0 | 104.5 | 82.2 | - |
| Benín | 41.1 | 41.2 | 46.1 | 49.9 | - |
| Bhután | 113.4 | 106.5 | 130.9 | 132.4 | - |
| Bielorrusia | 47.5 | 41.0 | 47.5 | - | - |
| Bolivia | 53.1 | 59.3 | 78.0 | 80.5 | - |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 34.3 | 32.5 | 36.5 | 35.4 | - |
| Botswana | 14.9 | 16.5 | 19.0 | 19.5 | 21.3 |
| Brasil | 75.3 | 74.4 | 86.9 | 78.3 | 73.4 |
| Brunei | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.9 |
| Bulgaria | 22.1 | 20.0 | 24.5 | 23.9 | - |
| Burkina Faso | 37.8 | 42.5 | 46.4 | 52.4 | - |
| Burundi | 53.0 | 60.0 | 66.0 | 66.6 | 66.4 |
| Cabo Verde | 114.6 | 114.0 | 145.1 | - | - |
| Camboya | 28.4 | 28.2 | 35.2 | 36.3 | - |
| Camerún | 38.3 | 41.6 | 44.9 | 45.5 | - |
| Canadá | 88.9 | 87.2 | 117.8 | 112.9 | 102.2 |
| CdI | 35.6 | 38.4 | 47.6 | 52.1 | - |
| Chad | 48.4 | 52.3 | 54.2 | 56.0 | - |
| Chile | 25.7 | 28.6 | 32.3 | 36.4 | - |
| China | 53.8 | 57.2 | 68.1 | - | - |
| Chipre | 98.1 | 90.4 | 113.5 | 101.1 | - |
| Cisjordania y Gaza | 33.1 | 34.6 | - | - | - |
| Colombia | 49.3 | 50.3 | 65.1 | 63.1 | - |
| Comoras | 16.9 | 21.7 | 24.0 | - | - |
| Congo | 15.1 | 15.0 | 16.5 | - | - |
| Corea | 40.0 | 42.1 | 48.7 | 51.3 | - |
| Costa Rica | 51.8 | 56.4 | 67.2 | 68.2 | - |
| Croacia | 73.2 | 71.0 | 87.0 | 78.4 | - |
| Dinamarca | 34.0 | 33.7 | 42.2 | 36.6 | - |
| Dominica | 85.6 | 97.9 | 114.5 | 102.7 | - |
| EAU | 20.9 | 27.1 | 39.7 | 34.7 | - |
| Ecuador | 49.8 | 53.0 | 63.6 | 58.6 | - |
| Egipto | 97.3 | 90.2 | 87.5 | - | - |
| El Salvador | 72.9 | 73.7 | 92.1 | 84.8 | - |
| Eritrea | 185.6 | 187.1 | 179.7 | 176.2 | 164.7 |
| Eslovaquia | 49.4 | 48.0 | 58.9 | 62.2 | - |
| Eslovenia | 70.3 | 65.4 | 79.6 | 74.5 | - |
| España | 100.4 | 98.2 | 120.4 | 118.3 | - |
| Estados Unidos | 107.1 | 108.6 | 131.8 | 127.1 | 123.5 |
| Estonia | 8.2 | 8.5 | 18.5 | 17.6 | - |
| Etiopía | 54.7 | 53.7 | 52.9 | 46.4 | - |
| Fiji | 45.8 | 48.8 | 63.1 | 83.0 | - |
| Filipinas | 39.9 | 39.6 | 54.6 | 60.4 | 60.9 |
| Finlandia | 64.9 | 64.9 | 74.8 | 72.4 | - |
| Francia | 97.8 | 97.4 | 115.0 | 112.8 | - |
| Gabón | 60.9 | 59.8 | 78.3 | 65.8 | - |
| Gambia | 83.6 | 83.0 | 85.9 | - | - |
| Georgia | 38.9 | 40.4 | 60.2 | 49.5 | - |
| Ghana | 62.0 | 62.7 | 79.1 | 82.1 | 90.7 |
| Grecia | 186 | 181 | 206 | 195 | - |
| Grenada | 64.0 | 58.5 | 71.4 | - | - |
| Guatemala | 26.5 | 26.5 | 31.6 | 30.8 | - |
| Guinea | 39.3 | 38.6 | 47.5 | 42.5 | - |
| Guinea Ecuatorial | 41.2 | 43.2 | 48.4 | 42.8 | - |
| Guinea-Bissau | 57.9 | 64.0 | 76.5 | - | - |
| Guyana | 47.0 | 43.6 | 51.1 | 42.9 | - |
| Haití | 21.6 | 25.8 | 21.3 | 24.2 | - |
| Honduras | 42.4 | 42.9 | 52.4 | 50.2 | - |
| Hong Kong | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 2.1 | - |
| Hungría | 69.1 | 65.3 | 79.3 | 76.8 | - |
| India | 70.4 | 75.1 | 89.2 | 84.2 | 83.4 |
| Indonesia | 30.4 | 30.6 | 39.8 | 41.2 | - |
| Irán | 40.6 | 42.7 | 44.1 | 42.4 | - |
| Iraq | 48.6 | 45.2 | 84.2 | 59.1 | - |
| Irlanda | 63.0 | 57.0 | 58.4 | 55.4 | - |
| Islandia | 63.1 | 66.2 | 77.2 | 74.6 | - |
| Islas Marshall | 24.5 | 24.8 | 21.6 | 19.8 | - |
| Islas Salomón | 8.1 | 7.9 | 13.7 | - | - |
| Israel | 59.4 | 58.5 | 70.8 | 67.7 | - |
| Italia | 134.4 | 134.1 | 154.9 | 150.3 | - |
| Jamaica | 94.4 | 94.3 | 108.1 | 92.3 | - |
| Japón | 232.3 | 236.3 | 259.4 | 262.5 | - |
| Jordania | 75.1 | 78.0 | 88.0 | 91.9 | - |
| Kazajstán | 20.3 | 19.9 | 26.4 | 25.1 | - |
| Kenia | 56.4 | 59.1 | 68.0 | 67.8 | 69.4 |
| Kirguistán | 54.8 | 51.6 | 67.6 | 61.1 | - |
| Kiribati | 19.8 | 20.1 | 19.0 | - | - |
| Kosovo | 17.0 | 17.6 | 22.4 | 21.9 | - |
| Kuwait | 15.1 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 8.7 | - |
| Laos | 59.7 | 62.0 | 82.7 | - | - |
| Lesotho | 49.0 | 50.5 | 54.2 | 53.5 | 50.7 |
| Letonia | 37.0 | 36.5 | 42.0 | 43.6 | - |
| Líbano | 155 | 172 | 151 | - | - |
| Liberia | 37.1 | 48.5 | 58.7 | 53.2 | 55.1 |
| Lituania | 33.7 | 35.8 | 46.3 | 43.7 | - |
| Luxemburgo | 20.9 | 22.4 | 24.5 | 24.5 | - |
| Macedonia del Norte | 40.4 | 40.5 | 51.9 | 51.8 | - |
| Madagascar | 42.9 | 40.6 | 50.8 | 53.1 | - |
| Malasia | 51.2 | 52.4 | 62.0 | 63.4 | 60.4 |
| Malawi | 43.9 | 45.3 | 54.8 | 63.9 | - |
| Maldivas | 72.0 | 78.8 | 154.4 | - | - |
| Mali | 37.5 | 40.7 | 47.3 | 51.9 | - |
| Malta | 43.7 | 40.7 | 53.3 | 56.3 | - |
| Marruecos | 65.3 | 64.9 | 76.4 | 70.3 | - |
| Mauricio | 66.2 | 84.6 | 99.2 | 93.6 | - |
| Mauritania | 57.9 | 55.7 | 55.8 | 51.7 | - |
| México | 46.8 | 46.7 | 53.1 | 52.3 | 50.0 |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 19.6 | - | - | - | - |
| Moldavia | 31.8 | 28.8 | 36.6 | 33.1 | - |
| Mongolia | 90.7 | 79.2 | 97.4 | 79.8 | - |
| Montenegro | 67.6 | 74.9 | 103.5 | 83.3 | - |
| Mozambique | 106.7 | 99.0 | 120.0 | 106.4 | - |
| Myanmar | 40.4 | 38.8 | 39.3 | 62.3 | - |
| Namibia | 50.4 | 59.4 | 66.6 | 72.0 | - |
| Nauru | 75.1 | 62.8 | 61.4 | 27.1 | - |
| Nepal | 30.1 | 33.1 | 42.4 | - | - |
| Nicaragua | 54.4 | 58.1 | 65.9 | 66.5 | - |
| Níger | 39.4 | 39.8 | 45.0 | 51.2 | - |
| Nigeria | 27.7 | 29.2 | 34.5 | 36.6 | 37.3 |
| Noruega | 38.9 | 39.9 | 45.2 | 42.5 | - |
| Nueva Zelanda | 29.8 | 27.2 | 32.2 | 29.4 | 32.8 |
| Omán | 44.7 | 52.5 | 69.7 | 62.9 | - |
| Países Bajos | 52.4 | 48.5 | 54.7 | 52.4 | - |
| Pakistán | 64.8 | 77.5 | 79.6 | 74.9 | - |
| Panamá | 39.4 | 46.4 | 68.5 | 63.7 | - |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 36.7 | 40.2 | 47.1 | - | - |
| Paraguay | 22.3 | 25.8 | 36.9 | 37.7 | 39.3 |
| Perú | 25.6 | 26.6 | 34.6 | 35.9 | 34.0 |
| Polonia | 48.7 | 45.7 | 57.2 | 53.8 | - |
| Portugal | 121.5 | 116.6 | 134.9 | 125.5 | - |
| Qatar | 52.2 | 62.1 | 72.6 | 58.4 | - |
| Reino Unido | 86.1 | 85.5 | 105.6 | 105.9 | 101.4 |
| República Centroafricana | 50.0 | 47.1 | 43.4 | 47.6 | - |
| República Checa | 32.1 | 30.0 | 37.7 | 42.0 | - |
| República Democrática del Congo | 15.1 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 16.1 | - |
| República Dominicana | 50.5 | 53.6 | 71.5 | 63.1 | - |
| Ruanda | 44.9 | 49.8 | 65.6 | 66.6 | 68.1 |
| Rumanía | 34.5 | 35.1 | 46.9 | 48.9 | - |
| Rusia | 13.6 | 13.7 | 19.2 | 17.0 | - |
| Samoa | 49.4 | 44.3 | 43.2 | 46.3 | - |
| San Cristóbal y Nieves | 53.6 | 51.5 | 56.8 | - | - |
| San Marino | 57.2 | 57.4 | 71.6 | - | - |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | 69.4 | 68.1 | 79.2 | 88.4 | - |
| Santa Lucía | 60.4 | 62.1 | 96.9 | 92.2 | 90.1 |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 93.9 | 71.6 | 81.4 | - | - |
| Senegal | 61.5 | 63.6 | 69.2 | 73.2 | - |
| Serbia | 53.6 | 51.9 | 57.0 | 56.5 | 55.1 |
| Seychelles | 55.9 | 54.2 | 84.8 | 72.9 | - |
| Sierra Leona | 69.1 | 72.5 | 76.3 | 79.3 | - |
| Singapur | 107.5 | 124.7 | 146.6 | 136.6 | 167.8 |
| Sri Lanka | 84.2 | 86.9 | 100.6 | 104.6 | - |
| Suazilandia | 33.9 | 39.5 | 41.4 | 45.0 | - |
| Sudáfrica | 51.7 | 56.2 | 69.0 | 69.0 | 71.0 |
| Sudán | 186.7 | 200.3 | 270.4 | - | - |
| Sudán del Sur | 46.3 | 28.1 | 36.4 | 64.7 | 52.3 |
| Suecia | 39.2 | 35.2 | 39.5 | 36.3 | - |
| Suiza | 26.1 | 25.5 | 28.3 | - | - |
| Surinam | 66.1 | 85.2 | 146.1 | 125.7 | - |
| Tailandia | 41.8 | 41.2 | 52.0 | 59.7 | 61.0 |
| Taiwán | 33.9 | 32.7 | 32.6 | 28.4 | - |
| Tanzania | 40.5 | 39.0 | 40.5 | 40.7 | - |
| Tayikistán | 46.3 | 43.1 | 50.4 | 44.4 | - |
| Timor-Leste | 9.1 | 9.4 | - | - | - |
| Togo | 57.0 | 52.4 | 60.3 | - | - |
| Tonga | 45.9 | 41.3 | 43.6 | 47.5 | - |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 41.8 | 45.4 | 59.3 | 60.6 | 54.7 |
| Túnez | 73.4 | 67.8 | 77.8 | 79.9 | - |
| Turkmenistán | 18.9 | 15.3 | 13.1 | 11.1 | - |
| Turquía | 30.1 | 32.6 | 39.7 | 42.0 | - |
| Tuvalu | 11.8 | 11.5 | - | - | - |
| Ucrania | 60.9 | 50.2 | 60.4 | 48.9 | - |
| Uganda | 34.9 | 37.6 | 46.3 | 51.8 | 52.2 |
| Uruguay | 62.9 | 64.4 | 75.1 | 73.4 | - |
| Uzbekistán | 19.7 | 28.4 | 37.6 | 35.8 | - |
| Vanuatu | 45.3 | 45.1 | 47.5 | 48.2 | - |
| Vietnam | 43.7 | 41.3 | 41.7 | 39.7 | - |
| Yemen | 74.5 | 76.5 | 84.0 | 69.7 | 54.0 |
| Yibuti | 48.1 | 42.0 | 44.0 | 46.0 | 50.1 |
| Zambia | 80.5 | 99.7 | 140.2 | 119.1 | - |
| Zimbabue | 51.0 | 93.2 | 102.5 | 66.9 | 92.6 |
| Zona euro | 86.0 | 83.9 | 97.0 | 95.4 | - |